Chair Furniture Definition and Classification Essay

Seat Furniture Definition and Classification - Essay Example The way that there are various sorts of seats, be that as it may, doesn't imply that there are distinctive essential uses to this specific article. With not many special cases, the main role of a wide range of seats is for a human to sit in, as on account of easy chairs, or sit on, likewise with table seats and stools. As respects special cases, it need be noticed that a couple of seats have a fundamentally embellishing reason, as an immediate outcome of their being named workmanship items or important classical purposes. Having explained the expressed, in any case, note that the previously mentioned are not commonly named seats however are regularly, more exactly and precisely, alluded to as collectibles or at objects. As needs be, underscore that seats are not, principally, either collectibles or bits of craftsmanship yet questions which basically fill a human-sitting need. Added to that, despite the fact that a few sorts of seats are alluded to as table seats, this doesn't imply t hat seats are tables. At the end of the day, in characterizing the said objective from the negative point of view, one may assert that seats are not tables however can be put around and under kitchen and eating tables.

A Role For Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Role For Theory - Research Paper Example Open approach hypothesis, the investigation or conversation of open arrangements (for this situation identifying with Global Warming) assume a significant job in the day by day lives of a strategy specialist. It would one’s primary goal as an arrangement specialist to stay up with the latest with what goes on in their reality, their nation, and the country’s government. To keep in contact with any new changes that the administration or authority may choose to make or infer is the thing that props a strategy expert up, which has a high propensity of occurring as Global Warming arrangement professional. There is a lot of reasonable incentive to understanding the hypotheses of open approach for arrangement specialist or investigator since keeping their conversations as near realities as conceivable is what is going to assist them with being better at what they do. In the event that they begin shaping logical hypotheses about an issue they approach, it will be exceptionally difficult for them to persuade others to see their perspective. Natural Sociology created during the 1970s while expanding mindfulness on a social level about a worldwide temperature alteration or environmental change began occurring. By 2007 sociologists who have a place with the investigations of ecological issues had committed themselves to the examination and utilization of theoretical ways to deal with an unnatural weather change are as yet continuous. The U.S Global Change Research Program, created in 1989, works with the coordination and incorporation of government investigates done on the adjustments in the worldwide condition and their suggestions on society. The Executive Office of the President of U.S authoritatively regulated the U.S. Environmental Change Science Program, from 2002 to 2008 which was encouraged by the National Coordination Office. I accept that keeping open approaches as near the truth is the best a specialist can do.

Blog Archive MBA News MBA ApplicationsBlip or Drought

Blog Archive MBA News MBA Applicationsâ€"Blip or Drought Last week, Bloomberg Businessweek published two articles on declining MBA application volumes, going so far as to call the current application environment a “drought.” In its first article (“Columbia, NYU MBA Applications Plummet”), Bloomberg Businessweek noted that Columbia Business School (CBS) and New York University’s Stern School of Business (NYU Stern) saw declines in the number of applications last year of 19% and 12%, respectively, from the previous year. Meanwhile, the number of applicants to Harvard Business School (HBS) declined by 2% and to Wharton by less than 1%. In a separate article (“At Top Business Schools, an MBA Application Drought”), Bloomberg Businessweek revealed that the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business and the Yale School of Management (SOM) saw drops of 3.5% and 9.5%, respectively. So, is this truly a drought, or is this just a blipâ€"and what does it all mean for you? Let’s start by taking a look at some incomplete numbers (some schools do not release data on application volumes) for a few schools mentioned in the articles: NYU CBS HBS Wharton Chicago Yale 2012 3,907 5,409 8,963 6,408 4,019 2,738 2011 4,416 6,669 9,134 6,442 4,169 2,963 2010 4,501 6,666 9,524 6,819 * * 2009 * 6,885 9,093 7,493 * * 2008 * 5,999 8,661 7,328 * * * Data unavailable; all data taken from school Web sites and cited Bloomberg Businessweek articles. Drought or Blip? If we were to declare this past application season a drought, then we would have to be able to conclusively say that many schools had significantly fewer applicants than expected based on previous years’ numbers. While NYU and CBS did experience double-digit drops in application volumes, HBS has basically been flat throughout the past five years. If one were to exclude 2010, when HBS saw a significant surge in application volume, HBS has been remarkably consistent and is actually up from its pre-financial bust application total of 8,661. Meanwhile, Wharton has seen a steady decline over the past four years, but with a 1% drop this year, the school is hardly experiencing a droughtâ€"it is just off the highs that came when many financially focused applicants found themselves dislocated in the economy. As for Chicago Booth and the Yale SOM, because these schools have not always released data, defining a trend for either one is difficult. However, the year-to-year drops in application volume are likely not keeping admissions officers awake at night at Chicago Booth in particular. A 3.5% change (about 150 applications) is not all that compelling when the school sees 4,000 applicants per year. What Does This Mean for You? The prospect of fewer applications being submitted to these schools may initially make you uneasyâ€"you may worry that the crowd is wiser than you and begin to think, “Maybe now is not the right time to go back to school!” From an admissions perspective, now is actually a great time to apply, because getting into top schools is becoming less difficult as application volumes drop. While some schools are shrinking class sizes (as Indiana University’s Kelley School of Business did, according to Bloomberg Businessweek), top programs will still fill their classesâ€"only they will do so with fewer applicants in the pool. Definitively predicting where application volumes will go this year is impossible, but we expect that with no major changes in the economy on the horizon, application volumes will probably stay flat or see mildâ€"low single-digitâ€"declines at most top schools. So, if you feel that the economy will be stronger when you will be graduating in approximately three years, you might consider applying nowâ€"when getting into business school is easierâ€"and then graduating when landing a job will be easier. We will leave the economic prognostication to you. Share ThisTweet News

Viennese Art Nouveau by Otto Wagner

Film Stagecoach Analysis Essay - 726 Words

Stagecoach: The Revolutionary Western John Ford built a standard that many future directors would follow with his classic 1939 film â€Å"Stagecoach†. Although there were a plethora of western films made before 1939, the film â€Å"Stagecoach† revolutionized the western genre by elevating the genre from a â€Å"B† film into a more serious genre. The film challenged not only western stereotypes but also class divisions in society. Utilizing specific aspects of mise-en-scà ¨ne and cinematography, John Ford displays his views of society. The film consists of many clichà © western characters. There is a banker, an outlaw, a prostitute, a doctor, a gambler, and a pregnant woman. These characters are categorized by social class. The banker, the pregnant†¦show more content†¦Doc Boone is not taken seriously and considered a fool because he is always drunk. Dallas is always forgotten and all the attention is given to Mallory. In a scene where the stagecoach is headed towards Apache Wells in the c old, Hatfield’s facial expressions show that he is worried and concerned whenever he looks at Lucy Mallory. Hatfield, being a gentleman, offers Lucy Mallory water and serves water to her in a fancy silver cup but does not bother to ask Dallas. However, Ringo Kid makes sure Dallas also gets a drink of water. This demonstrates that even though Hatfield is considered a gentleman, he does not show any concern for Dallas because she has a lower social status. Once the stagecoach arrives in Lordsburg, Lucy Mallory is carried out on a stretcher. At first, the camera shot is wide-angled and the street is crowded with soldiers and civilians. Then there is a close-up shot of Mallory on the stretcher as she speaks to Dallas. The shot reveals Mallory’s facial expression of remorse. Mallory looks apologetic and offers any help to Dallas. This is one of the final scenes in the film and illustrates how Mallory’s view of Dallas completely changed by the resolution of the film. Throughout the film, Mallory felt uncomfortable being around Dallas. Once Dallas helped take care of Mallory’s baby, Mallory realized that her judgment of Dallas was completely wrong. John Ford challenges society’s views of peopleShow MoreRelatedStagecoach Movie Film Analysis1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe western movie I pick is John Ford’s movie Stagecoach (1939). The movie is about a group of people traveling together by stagecoach from the town Tonto to Lordsburg. The people traveling together are a diverse group of people. All of them have the specific motivation for going, but they all share the same goal reaching to Lordsburg. The characters are Dallas who’s a prostitute, Mrs. Lucy Mallory who is the wife of the Army Cavalry officer, Ellsworth Henry Gatewood who is a banker, Hatfield whoRead MoreAnalysis of Classic Hollywood Cinema: Stagecoach 792 Words   |  4 PagesThe characteristics, features and conventions of Stagecoach (John Ford, 1939) allow this film to fit directly under the title of Classical Hollywood cinema. The film uses a few main characters that the audience members get to know well and create their own feelings for. In Stagecoach, there are nine main characters that the audience gets to know well, Dallas, Ringo Kid, Buck, Hatfield, Doc Boone, Lucy Mallory, Curley, Gatewood and the lieutenant. These characters are consistent throughout the storyRead MoreMidterm Answer. Chen Xuanhong. Cine 121 - 01. . 1-Escapist1815 Words   |  8 PagesWhile Stagecoach (John Ford, 1939) is representative of Classical Hollywood cinema providing its audience with escapist entertainment, it also develops an â€Å"acute social observation† of life during America’s westward expansion and it challenges elements of the myth constructed around this history (Bernstein 316). a) What makes Stagecoach an example of Classical Hollywood cinema? Identify and explain the main characteristics, features, and conventions of this cinema that are present in the film. b) WhatRead MoreAnalysis of the Unforgiven2900 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of Unforgiven Brenda J. Thompson ENG 225: Introduction to Film Nathaniel Millard October 5, 2009 Summary While the movie Unforgiven (1992) directed and starring Clint Eastwood, as William Munny, is in the genre of a western in the late 1800’s. It has a basic theme that we are still making movies about today, justice and what is acceptable and what is not acceptable in our search for it. It is a story of a journey that one man has to make in order for him to care for his childrenRead MoreThe Wild West: an Analysis of Post-Civil War Tension in John Ford’s â€Å"My Darling Clementine†1546 Words   |  7 PagesDoc Holliday and Granville Thorndyke (the Shakespearean actor) in â€Å"My Darling Clementine.† What is Ford trying to say about the relation to the civilized East to the unsettled West. (Clementine vs. Chihuahua is relevant here.) The Wild West: An Analysis of Post-Civil War Tension in John Ford’s â€Å"My Darling Clementine† Following the end of the United States’ Civil War, new territories had becomes states, notably what is now known as the West. The West, iconized by its Cowboys, gunfights, andRead MoreNeoclassical Pricing Model : Central Objective Of Short Term Profit Maximisation2230 Words   |  9 Pagescustomer’s expectations and perceptions when compared with similar products on the market in terms of quality and price. An example of the STP process in action is Stagecoach, one of the largest bus operators in the UK. Company Head of Customer Insight, Elaine Rosscraig (Baines et al 2008, p. 215), highlights that through primary research, Stagecoach identify three key market segments; ‘users’, ‘lapsed user’ and ‘non-user’. She explains that their most important target market is the ‘non-users’ given thatRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagesthe business. The Hollywood Studio System: A History is the first book to describe and analyse the complete development, classic operation, and reinvention of the global corporate entities which produce and distribute most of the films we watch. Starting in 1920, Adolph Zukor, head of Paramount Pictures, over the decade of the 1920s helped to fashion Hollywood into a vertically integrated system, a set of economic innovations which was firmly in place by 1930. ForRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Learning objectives Introduction The clarification of cost categories Marketing cost analysis: aims and methods An illustrationRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesor Tide or Heinz. However, it will always be an important, measurable brand characteristic. Perceived quality will directly influence purchase decisions and brand loyalty, especially when a buyer is not motivated or able to conduct a detailed analysis. It can also support a premium price, which, in turn can create gross margin that can be reinvested in brand equity. Further, perceived quality can be the basis for a brand extension. If a brand is well-regarded in one context, the assumption willRead MoreEdexcel Igcse Economics Answer49663 Words   |  199 Pagesin the diagram. The numbers of digital cameras purchased would fall from q1 to q3. (ii) A fall in the price of digital cameras would result in a decrease in demand for conventional film cameras. This is because conventional film cameras are a substitute for digital cameras. The demand curve for conventional film cameras would shift to the left from D1 to D2. The quantity of conventional cameras bought would fall from q1 to q2. (c) C is the correct answer. Digital cameras are not inferior

Why was Cleopatra Famous - 1282 Words

Why was Cleopatra Famous? Known for her love affairs with some of Rome’s most famous leaders, and wanting to be worshipped as a goddess, associating herself with the goddess Isis Cleopatra was a famous powerful queen in Ancient Egypt. Cleopatra was born as Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator to Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V Tryphaena. She was born in 69 B.C.E in Alexandria, and later died there in 30 B.C.E. Because of the time period in which Cleopatra lived not very much is known of her. In ancient times there was record keeping. Although many of the accounts written down were not preserved well enough to be available to this day. Cleopatra comes from the Ptolemaic Dynasty. The dynasty was started by Ptolemy I. It lasted from 323 B.C.E to†¦show more content†¦This was the cause of the formation of the second triumvirate. In hope of finding another supporter she begins to analyze Rome’s head politics of the second triumvirate which consisted of Octavian, Lepidus, and Mark Antony. For her its was between Octavian and Mark Antony. She began to have an interest in Marc Antony and how he carried himself. She was deeply intrigued by all he had to offer. After getting more involved and progressing in his relationship with Cleopatra he marries her. The two ended up having a set of twins. Cleopatra gave birth to a boy and a girl named Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene and then later on she bore another child to Marc Antony. His name was Ptolemy Philadelphus. Overtime Marc Antony begins to basically dessert his duties.This causes uproar amongst the citizens of Rome. Not only does the citizens look down on Marc Antony’s behavior, but Octavian did not condone it either. Marc Antony made an unforgettable mistake of dividing the land amongst his family he had with Cleopatra. At the time he may not have thought much of it. Marc probably viewed it as a celebration, but it would end in destruction. He was giving out Rome’s land to Egyptian children. This further angered Octavian and he set out to make it right, or at least right in his eyes. Marc Antony divorced Octavian’s half sister Octavia in 32 B.C.E . Their marriage was diplomatic and he only married her to prove his allegiance to Octavian. TheShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesAntony and Cleopatra In the play Antony and Cleopatra, the character of Cleopatra is one of many dimensions and be seen a person of complex diversity. Her personality is mainly about taking life as one big celebration most of her time in Egypt. Cleopatra lovesRead MorePostmodern Art in Andy Warhol ´s Silvier Liz as Cleopatra1194 Words   |  5 Pageshistory for being an influential and unique representation of various cultures and religions as well as playing a fundamental role in society. However, with the new era of postmodernism, art slowly deviated away from both the religious context it was originally created in, and apart from serving as a ritual function. Walter Benjamin, a German literary critic and philosopher during the 1900’s, strongly believed that the mass production of pieces has freed art from the boundaries of tradition, â€Å"ForRead MoreEssay Role and Function of Enobarbous1617 Words   |  7 PagesConsider the role and function of Enobarbus in Antony and Cleopatra Enobarbus is a vital character and a key element to the success of the play. Emrys Jones view on Enobarbus is that he is â€Å"the plays strongest supporting character and structural device of great importance to the plays dramatic effect.† He is portrayed in many forms, honest, likable, high ranking solider, â€Å"he is of note† trustworthy and a true friend to Antony. Enobarbus and Antony share a deep friendship. Antony confides in EnobarbusRead MoreHas Hollywood Been Fair? Cleopatra?1273 Words   |  6 PagesHas Hollywood Been Fair to Cleopatra? No one can really know a hundred percent how Cleopatra was really like as a person or what she really looked like, however, the only thing we can do is use all the clues we have left from this ancient history and gather them all together for an approximate conclusion. Based on the search I have done I realized that just like any other story, Cleopatra’s story have two sides. On one side the Romans (her enemies) pictured her as this ugly, evil seductressRead MoreLove Styles of Antony and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet1701 Words   |  7 PagesLove Styles of Antony and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet The heart of many of Shakespeare’s works is love and tumultuous relationships. It is not a difficult task to attempt to analyze the relationships of his protagonists. Many of his characters would fit into at least one of the â€Å"love-styles† presented by John Alan Lee. There are many different types of relationships and John Alan Lee aims to categorize them, or breaking them down into â€Å"different colors,† (Lee, 40). The love-styles can beRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Great Leader1718 Words   |  7 Pagesbook on my way to church that someone had started to write down what was going on in our town. I’ve decided to take over the role of this journal. One may call me a friend, a father, and a brother. Today we embark on a journey in my village where Julius Caesar is fighting to take over Gaul and also to be king. Caesar had spent his days campaigning in Rome, he had all the credentials to be king the only thing that was missing was the actual title of being named king. As I walk the streets in GaulRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Presentation of Octavius Caesar in Antony and Cleopatra1625 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Presentation of Octavius Caesar in Antony and Cleopatra Shakespeare portrays Octavius Caesar as a very complex character in Antony and Cleopatra. Shakespeare shows the audience how he has very strong feelings about War, leadership, the relationship between Antony and Cleopatra, and his sister Octavia. These attitudes can be seen as being too rational, too ambitious, and too efficient. However it is these characteristics which in some ways, formRead MoreAncient Egyp Gods and Godesses: From A to Z1331 Words   |  6 PagesAnubis was the Egyptian god of embalming and the keeper of secrets. He was associated with the mummification and protection of the dead and journey to the afterlife. He was portrayed man with a jackal’s head, or in jackal form holding a flail in the crook of his arm and wearing a ribbon. In the Old Kingdom he was the most important God, where he was associated with the burial of the pharaoh. He was very important because the Egyptians worshiped two things: 1. the gods and 2. The dead. The ancientRead More The Emporer Caesar Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emporer Caesar The Emperor Julius Caesar is perhaps most famous as the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity. His rise from a humble birth as a peasant boy to Emperor is a tale of bravery, adversity and ultimately triumph through faith. Julius Caesar was born as Groyxo Gaul in 54BC into an immigrant family in the back streets of Rome. Neither parent was rich. The German historian Guildo Horn noted: â€Å"Seine Mutter war ein Hamster und sein Vater, der von den Holunderbeeren gerochenRead MoreNefertiti and Cleopatra, Famous and Powerful but Very Different2451 Words   |  10 PagesEgyptian ancient civilization was born along the Nile River and lived for more than 3,000 years. Not only famous for the pyramids at Giza staying there with dignity reminding the wonderful past, Egypt is also famous for its pharaohs. Nefertiti and Cleopatra important figures of Egypt, famous for their beauties and deeds appear remarkable in many parts of the great ancient history. Staying in front of each other these queens have so many differences but so many things in common too. Each lady has

Close Reading free essay sample

An Analysis and Close reading Nella Larsen’s Passing is a story about the tragedy of an African American woman, Clare Kendry, who tried to â€Å"pass† in the white American community. However, while she passes as white, she constantly seeks comfort from her friend Irene Redfield who is a representation of the African American community. Gradually, Clare has become the double image of Irene, due to the similarities of their ethnicity and the contrasting lives they lead. At the end of the story, Clare’s death is a result of the extreme burden on Irene’s shoulder due to the presence of Clare in her life. The death of Clare is very much Irene’s responsibility based upon her suspicious acts at the end of the story. The ending of Passing, and of the life of Clare Kendry, begins on the sixth floor of an apartment complex at a party in the home of Felise and Dave Freeland. We will write a custom essay sample on Close Reading or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the party, Irene says that, â€Å"It seems dreadfully warm in here. Mind if I open this window? † (Larsen 110) However, when Irene opens the window, â€Å"It had stopped snowing some two or three hours back† (Larsen 110). This means that the weather is still rather cold and despite the freezing temperature, Irene still sits beside the window. Another reason why Irene would want to open the window is because she wants to smoke her cigar. She politely uses the warm temperature in the room as her excuse to open the window. Although this action may seem reasonable today, during the 1930s, there was no social etiquette that required opening a window to smoke. The fact that Irene stays by the window after her smoke makes us question exactly what keeps her warm; perhaps it is her anger and rage towards Clare. Later when Irene finishes her cigar, she throws it out and â€Å"watch[es] the tiny spark drop slowly down to the white ground below† (Larsen 110). To Irene, the sense of falling is either giving her an inspiration for her actions against Clare or a practice run before the real deal. In addition, the falling cigar sparks are being described in a very beautiful manner. â€Å"Tiny spark drop† gives us the sense of something small light and shiny which moves in a relatively stable winter air mass. The small shiny bits of cigar also contrasts with the twinkle stars in the clear ky after the snow stops. The action of â€Å"slowly down† is a romanticized version of the falling flakes. As Irene focuses on the falling flakes, she is also picturing the falling of Clare in a very calm and elegant way as if Clare’s fate is justified and beautiful. The separating flakes from the cigar also resemble the feeling of things falling apart. As Irene observes the flakes flyi ng away, she sees Clare’s life being dismantled. In the next scene, Clare’s husband, John Bellew storms into the party after he found out that Clare is actually black and starts to burst out in rage. In the midst of the confrontation, Felise says, â€Å"Careful. You’re the only white man here† (Larsen 111). Felise is stating that John is the only white person in the room, and she does not acknowledge Clare as being white. Although Clare has passed, they do not treat Clare as a white person or an outsider and would not hesitate to help her when she needs them. This demonstrates the strong unity of African American community and one cannot truly be passed and separated from the origin or background he or she comes from. During the confrontation, Irene has a thought in her mind, â€Å"One thought possessed her. She couldn’t have Clare Kendry cast aside by Bellew. She couldn’t have her free† (Larsen 111). Irene is disgust by the thought of Bellew casting Clare away because this would be a great insult to Irene’s life. At the same time, this may be the end of Irene’s life as a â€Å"white† person. She would have to return to who she was before: black, poor and alone. In addition, this would also be an insult to the lives of people in the African American community who are always oppressed and marginalized by the authority the whites. Besides, Irene would not want to set Clare free from Bellew because this would pose a bigger threat to Irene’s life and family. In the middle of the story, there is a mutual attraction between Clare and Irene’s husband, Brian Redfield, and Irene suspects that Brian is having a love affair with Clare. This internal conflict might explain the following scene, which is also Irene’s solution to end all of this – by ending Clare’s life. â€Å"What happened next, Irene Redfield never afterwards allowed herself to remember† (Larsen 111). All the reader is informed of is that â€Å"one moment Clare had been there, a vital glowing thing, like a flame of red and gold† and â€Å"the next she was gone† (Larsen 111). What is made clear in these descriptions of Clare’s fall is that it is in some sense out of her own control; the event just happens with no clear explanation. But again this provides a significant parallel with the beginning of this work; as shown in the beginning of the story, â€Å"a man toppled over and became an inert crumpled heap on the scorching cement† (12). Once again someone collapses onto a public street and their falling is hidden in uncertainty. While the cause of the man’s falling is unknown to Irene because she quickly flees the scene, the reason for Clare’s falling being uncertain is because Irene immediately represses this memory. Here, one might argue that in both the beginning and the end of this text the cause of falling is unknown to Irene because she willfully choses to refuse this knowledge, either by rushing away or repression. The connection between the beginning and the end is also reinforced by a syntactic similarity. Additionally, in the beginning of this novel we discover â€Å"what small breeze there was seemed like a breath of a flame fanned by slow bellows† (Larsen 12). These same images are revisited in the conclusion. At the time of her fall, Clare is â€Å"a flame of red and gold (Larsen 111) with an furious John Bellew lurching towards her. Not only does her approaching husband’s name resemble the word bellow, but also at the party he actually bellows to Clare â€Å"So you’re a damned dirty nigger†( Larsen 111). Thus, in both the beginning and end of Passing, we find an imagery of bellows moving towards a flame. In Passing, Clare and Irene are doubles for each other in multiple aspects. The fundamental connection between them is that their roots are from the same racial, social and gender groups. As readers, we are eager to find out why Irene tries to avoid Clare throughout Passing and what is the fear Clare poses upon Irene. One reason for this is that the constant appearance of Clare in Irene’s life serves as a constant reminder for Irene’s self. Since they are mirror images of each other, Irene sees herself in Clare in an eerie way. Through Irene’s lens, Clare lives a life she can only image but never engage. It becomes a scary thought for Irene that someone so similar to herself can transform to carry a different identity on the surface. The constant comparison of Clare and Irene has forced Irene to raise questions about her own life. The recurring uncanny doubling effect from Clare presents such a constant pressure on Irene that only death can resolve this conflict.

Tresemme Marketing Strategy free essay sample

At the very first time TRESemme was only intended to be distributed within salon for professional hairstylist. But, with the increasing demand from salon and expanded market scope, TRESemme realized their potential market and re-launch as the home haircare product that provided professional salon quality without the salon price. Unlike other affordable haircare product that sells their product in a mainstream way, like having brand ambassador and so forth, TRESemme choose to build partnership with prestigious event and competition to gain the brand awareness from all form of society. TRESemme believe that through making partnership with prestigious events and competition like Asia’s Next Top Model and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, customer will believe their quality without worrying the high price. After taken over by Unilever in 2011, TRESemme even gain more success. Their market scope is expanded to Asia and some other countries. They are now competing with various international products, like Pantene, Garnier and so forth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tresemme Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2011, they are having the biggest market share for the shampoo. Realizing that they still have many weaknesses regarding the product range and somehow intimidating bottle size, TRESemme is still having their own spotlight. II. COMPANY BACKGROUND amp; OBJECTIVES TRESemme’s Profile This brand starts of on St. Louis, Missouri on 1974 to be distributed within salon. As time goes by, the product became more popular and realizing the truth that every woman deserves a beautiful hair with affordable price, TRESemme launched their product for public with affordable price. They commit to have a salon quality product that tested by professional stylist but still affordable for everyone. The name â€Å"TRESemme† itself is a wordplay that referred to Edna L. Emme as the spokeperson in haircare industry. Some people also said that â€Å"TRESemme† is a wordplay from â€Å"tres aime† which means â€Å"very liked† in French. In 2011, TRESemme is taken over by Unilever for $3. 7 Billion. After it has taken over, TRESemme expand their range of market to Asia and some other country surrounding. They believe that TRESemme can gain success. Unilever see potentiality in their product and could inline with Unilever’s mission to provide customer’s goods with affordable price. Though TRESemme build partnership with prestigious events and competition, they do not give their customer a high price. The partnership built to prove how qualified they are as a haircare product and to prove that customer can get salon quality hair without going there. The partnership has proven to increase their sales and brand awareness. People like TRESemme and they keep buying it due to its affordable price. TRESemme Mission Statement As a product with a professional stylist’s standard, TRESemme’s mission is to provide the best haircare product that can be afforded by anyone. They believe that everyone deserve the best product that fit their economical ability. Upholding their mission, there are 3 (three) missions that brought by TRESemme, Professional, Affordable, Salon Standard. In the first time of their launching, TRESemme’s tagline is â€Å"Used by Professional†. The tagline is intended to convince customer that TRESemme is not just an ordinary haircare product, but a professional product that can be used at home. It has proven that over 60 years of TRESemme’s existence, there are many professional hairstylist has used it in their salon and satisfied their customer Within their mission, TRESemme also included â€Å"affordable† as one of them. As they believe that every women deserve to have a salon inspired hairstyle, TRESemme also consider the economic ability of each countries and set the most suitable price that can be afforded by everyone and still competitive to compete with their competitor. With such quality and price, TRESemme can gain lots of customer and take over the market really soon. The last mission stated by TRESemme is salon standard. As we know that in 1974 TRESemme start their business as a haircare product for salon. The standard that they uphold of course not a usual standard to make people’s hair look more gorgeous, but to make people’s hair more beautiful and look expensive. Until now that they become a customer goods product, TRESemme still uphold the standard to make their product prestigious for everyone. From customer’s point of view, TRESemme is a success. They fulfilled their mission to provide a qualified haircare product that affordable for everyone. Some hair problem like frizz, hairfall and dandruff can also be treated well by the product. With their salon standard, TRESemme has successed to fulfilled customer’s expectation and gain a big success. III. MARKETING STRATEGY Market Environment According to the Foundation of Marketing book from Pearson, Marketing Environment is the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationship with target customers. In the marketing environment we should analyze and consider the Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). Four key components considered in improving the marketing strategy for TRESemme include: PRODUCT TRESemme create a new product which is distinct line of mens haircare, this company also design medium-sized shampoo amp; conditioner bottles to meet the product mix of the competitors, they provide money-back guarantee if the consumer is not satisfied with the product including the Salon Standard tag line in addition to professional. Affordable Salon standard will replace the existing used by professionals and the last that TRESemme used is they allow for products to be purchased on the official TRESemme website salon standard PRICE For the price they maintain competitive prices for consumers (in Indonesia it’s only 16k for 220ml). This is in keeping with the affordable aspect of our brand. Another strategy is TRESemme promote online or instore discounts for consumers who view particular advertisements, and they also provide clearly list prices of products their website PLACE Maintain the availability of the product in salons, pharmacies, department stores amp; supermarkets around the world. TRESemme also provide consumers with a convenient online method of purchasing products to make the customer of TRESemme feel practise, simple, and easy to buy. PROMOTION To promote, the strategy that TRESemme use id first create television commercials that are made in Australia Engage in more frequent celebrity endorsement establish a name for the brand Build relationships with salons in Australia to promote the hair products Include a complementary pump for consumers who buy the large shampoo and conditioner bottles. In Asia they make the promotion by sponsoring the prestige event like Asia Top Model. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths 1. Professional Products at an affordable price, TREsemme offers high quality but lower in price 2. Used commonly by hair case professional 3. Products are available in large bottle providing value for money 4. Convenient to purchase 5. Large captive target audienceThreaths 1. Other competitors in the market creating more awareness through their advertising 2. Competitors with a greater product mix 3. Constant threat of new competitors 4. Advancement of scientific technology allowing competitors to promote their products as more efffective, or even environmentally friendly| Weaknesses 1. Limited range of products available for men 2. Size of bottles are commented to be intimidatingly large for individual use 3. Breadth and length of TRESemmes product line is not as expansive as other competitors in the market 4. Minimal advertisements online, in magazines, on television and other promotional outlets advertising the brandOpportunities 1. Opportunity to expand the product line and create a men range 2. Sell mid-range sized shampoo and conditioner bottles rather than only 1L and travel sizes 3. Create more awareness of the brand through more advertisements 4. Promote TRESemme through celebrity endorsements| Analyzing Competitors of TRESemme Tresemme is used around the world since 1947, but have recently been present in Indonesia in 2012. For two years establish, the growth of TRESemme has significant increase. It became evident through online research that TRESemme only ever releases television commercials from America. The celebrities and countless other women featured in the commercials are all American. Strategy of TREsemme suggested by Alberto Culver International would be to create television commercials in Indonesia. In anaylsing the Indonesian consumer market, it is evident that the brands who are competing with TRESemme are based in Australia. Subsequently, it would be effective to promote the brand alongside a relatable celebrity. Comparison| TRESemme| L’oreal| Dove| Pantene| Product| Shampoos amp; Conditioners (Gentle, Cleansing, Moisturizing, Naturals, Smoothing, Strength, Volumizing, Waterless, Curls, Color Protection, Deep Cleansing)Hairstyles (Cream amp; Milk, Curls, Hairspray, mousse)| Consumer (skin care, make-up, hair color, hair care), Professional, Luxury Product| Hair care (Shampoo, Conditionare, Treatment Conditionare, Styling Aids)Bar/Body washDeodorantLotion| ShampooConditionareDaily Rinse-off TreatmentLeave-on Treatment| Benefits| Give any tips how to make a beauty hair look like, problem solution of hair, new updated trend hair model, styling tips, forecast beautiful hair in any weather, help women step out with style (community of TREsemme)| make a trend about color id as a their main key, create media center of hair, innovating to reduce the environmental footprint, offer career, have many foundation (the community of L’oreal can join)| Provide article and advice, dove science, social mission, dove offers become a dove insider for their consumer| Providing personal consultaton, Give any tips how to make a beauty hair look and updated trend, offer satisfaction guarantee, have a social events for their consumer and around itself| Price| Start from Rp. 16. 000 for 220ml | Rp 30 000 for 220ml | Rp 24. 000 for 220ml| Rp. 24. 000 for 220ml| IV. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS Unilever customer spending chart Amsterdam Unilever, the worlds second-largest consumer goods company, posted third quarter results that beat analysts estimates, due to higher prices and higher sales in emerging markets, mainly in Brazil, the company reported on Thursday. Unilever, with its strong position in home and personal care, reported that its sales rose 10. 3% to â‚ ¬13. 4 billion in the quarter ended September, compared with the same period last year. As much as 4. 1% of it was created on foreign exchange transactions. The British-Dutch company also reported that its underlying sales grew 5. 9% in the third quarter, while it was up 12. % in emerging markets when compared with the same period a year ago. Revenue in emerging markets delivered another quarter of double-digit growth, taking year-to-date growth to 11. 7%, while developed markets declined in the quarter but are still up 0. 8% year-to-date. Regarding hair cosmetics, TREsemme did well in its traditional markets, made strong headway in Brazil, and has been launched in Indonesia and India. The company also reported that strong growth in laundry reflected volume growth ahead of its markets due to sustained innovation delivery and effective brand communication. Shares of Unilever rose 2. 91% to ? 23. 31 as of 8:41am GMT in London trading. Unilever gain in London is due to purchasing power the high, especially in the home and personal care products. This is due unilever always improve the quality of the product and sell them with a fairly competitive with the famous product. Such as Tresemme, this is hair care product is designed professional, but unilever could sell at affordable prices, so many people are interested in the lower middle class to upper middle class and the purchasing power of these product can be said to soar Indonesian market, because the average Indonesian people already believe that unilever has never issued low-quality product. The Tresemme product can thrive in the Indonesian market. TRESemmes marketing strategy is a success. These days, following the trend many urban female likes to experiencing with their hair styles and the desire of having a salon quality hair treatment product to be use at home every day is increasing. TRESemme is dedicated to creating salon-inspired, and allows the customers to create their own style and experience that salon feeling every day. One of the reasons TRESemmes marketing strategy is working is because of the customers value and money value from their product. They offer a complete line of salon products quality for the customer with an affordable price. Its priced between the entry level bargain brands, such as Unilevers Suave or Albertos own declining VO5, and premium brands Pantene and Fructis. The products that they offer such as shampoo, conditioners, hairspray gels, dry shampoos, mousses, and many more for every type of hair and style such as hair repair for damaged hair, shampoo for colored hair, climate control, etc. Not only providing products for hair treatment, they also have their expertise available online for customers that need help with hair style, and they are also giving tips and advice for instance star hairdressing tips, advice from their stylists, and recommendations. The brand awareness of their product is pretty success. In every advertisement and even in the products they use the line of used by professionals as their tagline or slogan. The professional hair stylish used TRESemmes products in famous fashion shows, photo shoots, and other entertainments shows or events such as Australia’s Next Top Model, Project Runway, and Mercedes Fashion Week in New York that pretty much is the center of fashion world and these deal has big role on the success of TRESemme. In Asia, recently TRESemme were choosen as the product to produce good quality hair for the contestants of fashion reality show, that is Asia’s Next Top Model 2012. Through these kind of shows and professionals using their products the people awareness of the brand is highly increase especially those of them who follow or always watching these kind of fashion reality shows. In Indonesia alone TRESemme just recently got in the country brought by Unilever and they got good responds and feedback from the people. In less than a year they swept other competitors such as Dove. Their products is available in more than 20 countries such as America, Brazil, Spain, Thailand, and Australia, and all give positive enthusiasm. TRESemme blew away the competition in organic sales growth last quarter at 12. 7%, backed by a 20% increase in ad spending. The brand received $56 million in measured media support lin 2010 and $32 million through May of 2011, according to Kantar Media. Mass hair care Brand| Sales| Pantene| $436 million| Garnier Fructis| $221 million| TRESemme| $211 million| Source: SymphonyIRI| TRESemme remained around $10 million behind Garnier in the 52 weeks ended July 11 and had less than half the sales of Pantene. But its been growing faster than either. TRESemme is already the clear leader in hair spray and styling products and was the only of the leading brands to gain share in all four major segments of mass hair care, also including shampoo and conditioner, in the past year in SymphonyIRI data. Market share movement (in percentage points)* 52 weeks ended July Hair spray| Styling| Shampoo| Conditioner| Pantene| -1. 0| -0. 7| +0. 2| +0. 1| Garnier Fructis| +1. 0| -0. 4| -0. 6| -0. 3| TRESemme| +1. 5| +0. 4| +0. 7| +0. 4| Four weeks ended July 11 | Hair spray| Styling| Shampoo| Conditioner| Pantene| -0. 2| +0. 7| +0. 1| +1. 6| Garnier Fructis| +1. 3| +0. 3| -0. 3| -0. 1| TRESemme| +0. 2| Flat| +1. 1| +0. 6| *For daily hair-care categories Shampoo category excludes dandruff shampoo Source: SymphonyIRI| Another story behind the success of TRESemme is because of strategic partnership. TRESemme formed a partnership with ELLE, the number one global fashion magazine. Through the partnership, ELLE and TRESemme, along with CAA Marketing, a division of the leading entertainment and sports agency, will launch Dirty Little Secret a print and digital graphic novel series, which follows the lives of savvy, stylish and single women living in NYC. Through this series people awareness of the brand, again, highly increased. Moreover, the story of the drama is about fashion world, follows new girl in town an aspiring hairstylist and her encounters with some of the most stylish and chic women in the fashion and beauty worlds. The compelling drama also features real life TRESemmes celebrity stylist, Jeanie Syfu. TRESemmes marketing strategy is a success. However, they have weaknesses. They do not have wide range of product line, that is not as expansive in the market as other competitors. The products that are available for men use is also limited. Many people are pleased with the giant size of TRESemme products bottle, but if it is for an individual use purpose the bottle can be intimidating. V. CONCLUSION In summary, Alberto Culver International Corporated has been highly successful in promoting the brand TRESemme. Subsequently its product line has maintained a strong position within the Australian and Indonesia consumer market. Implementation of minor marketing strategical changes suggested from our research will only further provide a successful outlook for professional affordable salon standard. Refrences List http://www. tresemme. com/ http://www. unilever. com/brands-in-action/detail/TRESemm-/292124/ http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8028641/Unilever-buys-TRESemme-maker-Alberto-Culver-for-3. 7bn. html http://adage. com/article/news/marketing-tiny-tresemme-rising-top-hair-care-heap/145573/pn. newsblaze. com/story/2010052515400200001. pnw/topstory. html http://www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/tresemme-and-elle-form-strategic-partnership-for-the-innovative-new-series-dirty-little-secret-95315739. html http://www. loreal. com/_en/_ww/index. aspx?

Biography of Matilda of Scotland, Wife of Henry I

Biography of Matilda of Scotland, Wife of Henry I Matilda of Scotland (c. 1080–May 1, 1118) was a princess of Scotland and later queen of England through her marriage to Henry I. She was a popular queen who presided over an educated and pious court, and she even functioned as queen regent in her husbands stead at times. Fast Facts: Matilda of Scotland Known for:  First wife and queen consort of King Henry I of England and sometimes queen regent, mother of  Empress Matilda/Empress Maud  and grandmother of King Henry IIBorn: c. 1080 in Dunfermline, ScotlandParents: Malcolm III of Scotland, Saint Margaret of ScotlandDied: May 1, 1118 in London, EnglandSpouse:  King Henry I of England (m. 1100–1118) Early Years Matilda was  born around 1080 as the older daughter of the Scottish king Malcolm III and his second wife,  the English princess Margaret later canonized as  Saint Margaret of Scotland.  The royal family had several children: Edward, Edmund of Scotland, Ethelred (became an abbot), three future Scottish kings (Edgar,  Alexander I, and David I), and Mary of Scotland (who married Eustace III of Boulogne, becoming the mother of Matilda of Boulogne who later married King Stephen of England, a nephew of King Henry I of England). Matildas father Malcolm descended from the Scottish royal family, whose brief overthrow inspired Shakespeares Macbeth  (his father was King Duncan). From the age of 6, Matilda and her younger sister Mary were raised under the protection of their aunt Cristina, a nun in the convent at Romsey, England, and later at Wilton. In 1093, Matilda left the convent, and Anselm, the archbishop of Canterbury, ordered her to return. Matildas family turned down several early marriage proposals for Matilda: from William de Warenne, second Earl of Surrey and Alan Rufus, Lord of Richmond. Another rejected proposal, reported by some chroniclers, came from King William II of England. King William II of England died in 1100 and his son Henry quickly seized power, supplanting his older brother through his quick action (a tactic his nephew Stephen would use later to supplant Henrys named heir). Henry and Matilda apparently knew each other already; Henry decided that Matilda would be the most suitable bride for his new kingdom. The Marriage Question Matildas heritage did make her an excellent choice as a bride for Henry I. Her mother was a descendant of King Edmund Ironside, and through him, Matilda was descended from the great Anglo-Saxon king of England, Alfred the Great. Matildas great uncle was Edward the Confessor, so she was also related to the Wessex kings of England. Thus, marriage to Matilda would unite the Norman line to the Anglo-Saxon royal line. The marriage would also ally England and Scotland. However, Matildas years in the convent raised questions of whether she had taken vows as a nun and was thus not free to marry legally. Henry asked Archbishop Anselm for a ruling, and Anselm convened a council of bishops. They heard testimony from Matilda that she had never taken vows, had worn the veil only for protection, and that her stay in the convent had only been for her education. The bishops agreed that Matilda was eligible to marry Henry. Matilda of Scotland and Henry I of England were married at Westminster Abbey on November 11, 1100. At this point, her name was changed from her birth name of Edith to Matilda, by which she is known to history. Matilda and Henry had four children, but only two survived infancy. Matilda, born in 1102, was the elder, but by tradition she was displaced as heir by her younger brother William, who was born the next year. Queen of England Matildas education was valuable in her role as Henrys queen. Matilda served on her husbands council, she was queen  regent when he was traveling, and she often accompanied him on his travels. From 1103 to 1107, the English investiture controversy led to a conflict between church and state over who had the right to appoint (or invest) church officials at the local level. During this time, Matilda served as a mediator between Henry and Archbishop Anselm, eventually helping to resolve the conflict. Her work as regent lives on: to this day, charters and documents signed by Matilda as regent survive. Matilda also commissioned literary works, including a biography of her mother and a history of her family (the latter was completed after her death).  She administered estates that were part of her dower properties and oversaw several architectural projects. In general, Matilda ran a court that valued both culture and religion, and she herself spent a great deal of time on works of charity and compassion. Later Years and Death Matilda lived long enough to see her children make good royal matches. Her daughter Matilda (also known as Maud), was betrothed to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, and she was sent to Germany to be married to him. Maud would later attempt to take the English throne following her fathers death; although she did not succeed, her son did and became Henry II. Matilda and Henrys son William was the heir apparent to his father. He was betrothed to Matilda of Anjou, daughter of Count Fulk V of Anjou, in 1113, but died in an accident at sea in 1120. Matilda died on Mary 1, 1118, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. Henry married again but had no other children. He named as his heir his daughter Maud, by that time widow of Emperor Henry V. Henry had his nobles swear fealty to his daughter and then married her to Geoffrey of Anjou, brother of Matilda of Anjou and son of Fulk V. Legacy Matildas legacy lived on through her daughter, who was set to become Englands first reigning queen, but Henrys nephew Stephen seized the throne, and enough barons backed him so that Maud, though she fought for her rights, was never crowned queen. Mauds son eventually succeeded Stephen as Henry II, bringing the descendants of both Norman and Anglo-Saxon kings to the throne. Matilda was remembered as the good queen and Matilda of Blessed Memory. A movement began to have her canonized, but it never actually took shape. Sources Chibnall, Marjorie.  The Empress. Malden, Blackwell Publishers, 1992.Huneycutt, Lois L.  Matilda of Scotland: A Study in Medieval Queenship. Boydell,  2004.â€Å"Matilda of Scotland.†Ã‚  Ohio River - New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia.

Michael Phelps Bong Incident Personal Statement

Michael Phelps Bong Incident - Personal Statement Example This is what I enjoyed the most about David Harsanyi's article - that it offers a broad view on both the Michael Phelps scandal and the contemporary repression of Cannabis. In my reply to the article, I aimed to express my opinion concerning the real issues that oftentimes get concealed behind the shiny, hyped up issues the mass media seem to consistently adopt. I very much agree with the author's overall opinion on the subject matter, so essentially this letter was written as an elaboration of the theme of stupidity: that expressed by Phelps himself, and that which sometimes looks inextricable in our modern society. After reading on "Michael Phelps' public stoning", I was compelled to express how I wholeheartedly agree with your central point: Phelps is an idiot; but then again, so is the war on cannabis. It's discomforting to realize how in full on XXI century, our society is still so easily deceived into supporting the enforcement of such blatant and outrageous witch hunts. In this day and age we're living, one might have supposed that the news a 14-times gold medalist is also a pot smoker could help people realize how the rumors concerning the dangers of marijuana might have been grossly exaggerated; but no, as it turns out all that conservative people focused on was how Michael Phelps no longer had a place among the pantheon of positive role models their children should strive towards. Just goes to show how our opinions are so heavily influenced, and our perspectives so easily shifted. I think you said it best when you stated how "In reality, the most startling aspect of the Michael Phelps incident is that we produced an Olympic superstar dumb enough to place his gargantuan paws around a bong in full view of dozens of partygoers equipped with cell phone cameras." Granted, most pot smokers understand the aggressive prejudice they're still subject to in our society, and some of them choose to keep their smoking habits in private. But not many of them have such high stakes as Phelps, and still he went ahead and exposed himself like that. He should have known better, and he should have thought before grabbing a bong in a college party (where someone was bound to snap a picture), but then - well, then he got high... and the rest is history. In my opinion, Phelps committed two coarse errors: the first one was getting caught in public with a bong, and the second (possibly worse) was making a public statement telling how much he was sorry for his reckless, juvenile behavior. As you've written in the final portion of your article, most Americans who have smoked marijuana are unlikely to feel regrets about doing so - and Phelps himself, there's a good chance he's actually sorry only of getting caught. His judgment failed, all right: not necessarily by smoking pot, but absolutely by doing so in a scenario that would be likely to bring about repercussions that might compromise his career. All in all, it goes without saying: Michael Phelps is an idiot. But all the while, he's also a prodigious swimmer who has consistently displayed off-the-charts skill and capacity. So what if he smokes pot If nothing else, that just goes to show that pot smokers can become something other than slackers and parasites, as maintained by our dearly uptight cultural stereotypes. Regardless (and as far as I'm aware)- marijuana isn't

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 3-SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 3-SLP) - Essay Example The main learning objective by the participants after this activity is their learning about the importance of deep breathing in stress management. The participants were supposed to command mastery over deep breathing exercise after this class. After a brief description of the importance of stress management, the stress relieving methodology through deep breathing is explained to the class as follows. Deep breathing is the best way of relieving stress because of the simple, procedure involved in it. The various steps involved in deep breathing exercise can be summarised as follows; Exhale through your mouth, pushing out as much air as you can while contracting your abdominal muscles. The hand on your stomach should move in as you exhale, but your other hand should move very little. The participants were asked to do the steps as explained above. The success of this technique lies in how deeply you breathe deeply from the abdomen. Deep breathing will provide excess oxygen which can reduce stress immensely while lack of oxygen may result in anxiety and stress. If the sitting position is not comfortable enough then the participants can be asked, lying on the floor and repeat the activity. It does not have much weakness. The only thing required is you need to concentrate on the breathing technique at least for 10 minutes. Moreover sometimes you need to lie down on floor to consume maximum oxygen. Relieving of stress can be accomplished in simple ways like deep breathing, yoga, relaxation, etc. Most of the stress relieving activities does not need much effort or equipments. Only primary requirement is the readiness of the person in engage in such relieving

Environmental Impacts of the Global Increase in Demand for Oil Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impacts of the Global Increase in Demand for Oil Essay To what extent are the environmental impacts of the global increase in demand for oil acceptable? [15 marks] After the industrial revolution, the demand for oil has been increasing globally. Over 100 million tonnes of oil are transported around the world on average a day. There are countries like the US which consume almost one quarter of global oil output, which must be supplied from oil reserves, usually from countries like Saudi Arabia (Guinness, 2011, p. 245). This shows that the topic of oil consumption is a global issue as all countries need oil to develop and provide for their populations. The issue with this large consumption of oil is the fact that oil is a non-renewable source of energy and therefore has a limit. Oil is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals in underground rock which is found in marine areas and therefore requires technology such as pipelines and drilling machines to extract the oil. The implications of this has caused serious environmental consequences which questions whether extracting oil to supply the demands of the world’s population should be permitted when the environment has to pay the cost, examples being oil leaks into the sea and the effects of that. With a growing global population, energy companies are trying to find sources of energy and are therefore trying to construct pathways and routes to constantly feed people’s needs and demands. This has lead to companies searching and drilling for oil in fragile environments, such as the Alaska pipeline which crosses 3 mountain ranges. The reason why companies are looking into areas full of permafrost is because global warming is causing the ice in the Arctic Circle to melt and oil rich sea beads are now being uncovered. The implementation of the Alaska pipeline has not caused any major environmental problems as many obstacles had been avoided when constructing this project, such as raising the pipeline on stilts so that that the heated oil would not cause the ice to melt. However, the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, which occurred in 1989 did take place and still affects the environment, animal species and humans to this day. The oil tanker named Exxon Valdez was carrying 1.2 million barrels of oil when it ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, spilling 240 000 barrels. The oil slick eventually covered 25 000 km2 coastal and off-shore waters and 1700km of coastline (RGS Worcester, n.d., para. 2). A major oil spill like this has resulted in devastating environmental impacts, which has caused social and economical impacts as well. The clean-up process, which included burning the oil (relatively effective as it reduced 113,400 liters of oil to 1,134 liters of removable residue), spraying chemicals on the oil which reached the shoreline and mechanical cleanup methods, did not eradicate the oil fast enough as the environmental impacts are still present after 21 years. 10000 people were involved in the clean up and it took 4 summers and cost 2 billion dollars. This large number of people put their jobs on hold and attended to the effects of the oil spill, which could have caused a decline in the economy in Alaska (Exxon Valdez oil spill, n.d., para. 5). The biggest impact of the oil spill was on the wildlife. Some 2,000 sea otters, 302 harbor seals and about 250,000 seabirds died within a few days after the oil spill (Graham, 2003, para. 1). A decrease in biodiversity and the ecosystems in Alaska affect the environment significantly as it disrupts food chains and causes animals like ducks and other marine animals to lose their source of food. The biggest impact, in terms of wildlife, is the herring population and the effect on the herring industry in Alaska. The spill occurred during spawning season that the inlets and bays where herring traditionally laid their eggs were choked with oil. Within four years, the herring population has disappeared. This has affected Alaskans in terms of their jobs and their source of food. Permits to fish herring commercially had been worth hundreds of thousands of dollars before the spill but became worthless, leaving many fishermen facing huge amounts of debt. Farmers used to earn 150000 dollars a year but this has dropped to 5000 dollars, showing the extent of the impact of the loss of herring (BBC News, 2010, para. 9). A weaker economy results in economical problems within the area and a change in employment structure as children of these fisherman can no longer have the opportunity to be a herring farmer. Economic problems can also result in social problems such as domestic violence, alcohol abuse, suicides and divorces, mainly due to massive unemployment. This example shows that the environmental impacts can have their own impacts, which again questions whether the extraction of oil is worth all these consequences. After 21 years, 20000 gallons of oil still remain on the beaches of Prince William Sound (BBC News, 2010, para. 30). Therefore, the clean up hasn’t been very effective. It’s also worth pointing out that maybe all the environmental impacts still haven’t been determined, for example the soil and vegetation could also have been affected by the oil spill as the oil may have seeped through the sand of the beaches. This would affect the growth of vegetation drastically. People don’t know enough to predict how long the effects are going to last as they can range from years to centuries. One wonders how long countries can continue to extract and consume oil when they still don’t fully know the extent of the environmental effects of oil spills and if their chances of occurring are more likely. The production of oil is also a process which causes a variety of negative effects on the environment. An example is the tar sands oil extraction in Canada – the country which supplies the US with the most oil as it doesn’t have issues regarding transport, weather and the fact that there are pipeline installed from Canada to the US. There is enough natural gas to heat 3 million homes from the extraction of tar sands oil in Canada. However, it is expensive to extract the oil out of the sands (120 million dollars over the last 12 years have been invested) which has lead to environmental degradation in the form of excess use of water to extract bitumen. The bitumen is then refined and the toxic sludge (not like conventional oil – mainly nasty impurities) that is left over after separating oil from impurities is usually dumped in ponds and lakes. In some cases, the toxic ponds are so big that they can be seen from space. The Athabasca River in Canada has a large number of toxic ponds, some being 60 km long in length. These companies, like SUNCOR (Canadian energy company), are dumping around 1.8 billion liters of toxic materials like sludge and impurities in these ponds, they will eventually reach water in the delta (Sustainable Guidance, 2011). The effects of these impurities in the water can be devastating to the wildlife. There is a decrease in the number of fish as the sludge clogs up the fish’s gills, making it hard for them to breathe. The change in the ecosystem and food chain will also cause a decline in fish as smaller species like plankton may be affected by the impurities. The fish may also be contaminated and migratory birds which eat these fish will suffer and possibly die as they won’t eat healthy meat. Moose is another species which are affected by the toxic ponds as their source of food is contaminated and decreasing. This has lead to a number of endangered species. There is a 35 million acres coniferous forest (larger than the Brazilian forest) which is full of endangered species. There have also been cases where environmental issues like toxic ponds are not released to the public as these details have been ‘covered up’ by companies like SUNCOR, leaving environmentalists like Green peace in conflict with these energy companies. This example has shown the harmful effects of oil production on the environment, which again makes us question whether this is all worth it (Sustainable Guidance, 2011). To a very small extent, the environmental impacts of the global increase in demand for oil are acceptable. It can be said, with great certainty, that oil production and consumption does not benefit the environment. The environmental consequences may not be frequent but when they do occur, they cause a catastrophic effect, which takes the environment and the people decades or even longer to recover. These impacts are therefore not acceptable, which is why countries should start investing in producing renewable energy such as solar panels and wind turbines. Governments can’t suddenly start decreasing the amount of oil they consume as the people are already used to living with a high standard of living. The populations around the world should be educated about the problem and should be encouraged to start relying on renewable sources of energy. However, this raises the problem for developing countries and NICs. It will be extremely difficult to develop without consuming large amounts of oil and will therefore cause the rate of development to decrease. This leaves these types of countries at a disadvantage, which questions whether it is acceptable for all countries to consume a smaller amount of oil when there are countries with different levels of development. Clearly the issue needs to be discussed before any strategies can be implemented. References BBC News. (2010, July 6). Alaska town slowly heals after 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10548872 BBC News. (2010, June 17). Examining the legacy of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10324021 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill Graham, S. (2003, December 19). Environmental effects of Exxon Valdez spill still being felt. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=environmental-effects-of Guinness, P. (2011). Geography for the IB diploma. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. RGS Worcester. (n.d.) The Exxon Valdez – environmental catastrophe in a fragile environment? Retrieved from https://schoolweb.rgsw.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=52612 Sustainable Guidance. (2011, April 27). Tar sands oil extraction – the dirty truth. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkwoRivP17A

Call of the Wild :: essays research papers

Call of the Wild BUCK, A POWERFUL DOG, half St. Bernard and half sheepdog, lives on Judge Miller’s estate in California’s Santa Clara Valley. He leads a comfortable life there, but it comes to an end when men discover gold in the Klondike region of Canada and a great demand arises for strong dogs to pull sleds. Buck is kidnapped by a gardener on the Miller estate and sold to dog traders, who teach Buck to obey by beating him with a club and, subsequently, ship him north to the Klondike. Arriving in the chilly North, Buck is amazed by the cruelty he sees around him. As soon as another dog from his ship, Curly, gets off the boat, a pack of huskies violently attacks and kills her. Watching her death, Buck vows never to let the same fate befall him. Buck becomes the property of Francois and Perrault, two mail carriers working for the Canadian government, and begins to adjust to life as a sled dog. He recovers the instincts of his wild ancestors: he learns to fight, scavenge for food, and sleep beneath the snow on winter nights. At the same time, he develops a fierce rivalry with Spitz, the lead dog in the team. One of their fights is broken up when a pack of wild dogs invades the camp, but Buck begins to undercut Spitz’s authority, and eventually the two dogs become involved in a major fight. Buck kills Spitz and takes his place as the lead dog. With Buck at the head of the team, Francois and Perrault’s sled makes record time. However, the men soon turn the team over to a mail carrier who forces the dogs to carry much heavier loads. In the midst of a particularly arduous trip, one of the dogs becomes ill, and eventually the driver has to shoot him. At the end of this journey, the dogs are exhausted, and the mail carrier sells them to a group of American gold hunters—Hal, Charles, and Mercedes. Buck’s new masters are inexperienced and out of place in the wilderness. They overload the sled, beat the dogs, and plan poorly. Halfway through their journey, they begin to run out of food. While the humans bicker, the dogs begin to starve, and the weaker animals soon die. Of an original team of fourteen, only five are still alive when they limp into John Thornton’s camp, still some distance from their destination.

A Day in the Life of David M. Foster

A day in the life of David M. Foster begins early. The alarm clocks begin sounding at 0445 Monday morning, even though I don’t get up until almost 0530. I am a deep sleeper and have a hard time waking up. My wife, Sarah, is not a heavy sleeper and is constantly awoken by my myriad of alarm sounds while I attempt to wake up enough to get out of bed. At 0530, I get up, turning off all the alarms so as not to aggravate my wife further. In a face-saving gesture, Sarah says nothing and acts as though she were asleep the entire time.Face-saving behaviors are â€Å"techniques used to salvage a performance (interaction) that is going sour† (Henslin, 2011, p. 114). Sarah has acted this way so that I don’t feel badly about waking her, even though we both know that my inability to get up quickly irks her each and every morning. I have to catch the bus, so I rapidly get dressed and grab my bag. When I get to the bus stop, there are several people there, but because the tempe rature is so low (about 20 degrees), no one says much. We generally keep to ourselves that early in the morning anyway.I do nod to those who are senior to me in rank and position in the military, as is customary for the services. One is expected to give the â€Å"greeting of the day†, basically a â€Å"good morning† to those who are senior in rank to you. Because I am of a junior rank, even as a seasoned NCO, I play that role. I have been playing that role for more than 15 years at this point and have come to acknowledge that it is part of my self-concept (Henslin, 2011, p114). At 0550, the bus arrives, late as usual. Just as soon as I sit down on the bus, I shoot off a text message to my supervisor, SFC Cooper, letting her know that I’m on the bus.The reason for this is two-fold. One, accountability formation is at 0630 (the bus ride is 20 minutes, minimum) and two, to let her know that I’m on the bus and didn’t just oversleep. The US Military ing rains certain standards of action into you as resocialization. Resocialization is â€Å"the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors† (Henslin, 2011, p86). These standards become norms. Norms are â€Å"expectations or rules of behavior that reflect and enforce behavior† (Henslin, 2011, p46).One of hese norms is that you must arrive 10 minutes prior to any formation. This is not a more, but a folkway. Not arriving at the appointed time violates a more. A folkway is a â€Å"norm that is not strictly enforced† (Henslin, 2011, p49), while a more is a â€Å"norm that is strictly enforced because it is thought essential to core values or to the well-being of the group† (Henslin, 2011, p49). At 0615, we arrived at the gate to Patch Barracks, the military Kaserne, or installation. The civilian guard is a Local National, so I greet him with a â€Å"Guten Morgen† (German for Good Morning).If he had been one of the few American guards, I would have just spoken in English. At 0635, after our accountability formation, I change into my uniform for the day, the Army Combat Uniform. The Uniform helps to indentify the subculture that we all belong to. Each service has its’ own uniform and its’ own subculture. A subculture results from â€Å"the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture† (Henslin, 2011, p49). The US Military is a subculture of the United States of America and the US Army is a subculture of the US Military.Fast forward to after breakfast, its 0800 and I arrive (ten minutes early) for the Equal Opportunity Leader (EOL) Course that I am attending this week. Here I meet SFC Trussell, the instructor for the course and also the Equal Opportunity Advisor (EOA) for the Stuttgart, Germany area. SFC Trussell is my senior, so I defer to him and address him as â€Å"Sergeant†, which is in line with our folkways and mores. During the first part of the training today the students are all required to create a â€Å"badge†. This is done using a graphic and 5 words to describe your characteristics, list your demographic information, and group affiliations.The point of this exercise is as an â€Å"Ice-breaker† but also to help others understand how you relate to the world around you. The rest of the day is dry and boring. Having 15 years of experience, most of the course material in the EOL course is not new to me. Sarah has driven down to Patch Barracks and dropped off the car, so I don’t have to catch the bus home tonight. At 1715, I swing by the office and check in with SFC Cooper and answer a few emails to my counterpart at our higher headquarters. Nothing new, mostly routine stuff. At 1740, it’s into the car and off for the 40 minute drive home.Traffic is much worse in the evening than in the morning. I get home at 1820, walk through the front door, and immediately drop everything because here comes Molly. Molly is 4 years old and runs for me as soon as I open the door, yelling â€Å"Daddy’s home†! I grab her off the floor and give her hugs and kisses, transitioning from my role as â€Å"Soldier† to my roles of â€Å"Father† and â€Å"Husband†. This goes on with Molly for about 5 minutes before she begins to lose interest (as 4 year olds generally do) and I put her down, giving Sarah a kiss and asking how her day was.Our interaction is not very detailed as we both need time to decompress from our recent role changes. Sarah has gone from mother mode to wife mode as I have just entered the father role and can assist in taking care of the children. About 30 minutes later, dinner is ready and out pops Ellie. Ellie is 13 and regardless of the questions asked, her responses are seldom more than a word or two, â€Å"typical† behavior for a teenager. At 1920, dinner is over and it’s washing up time. At this point, everyone dri fts off to do whatever we normally do, sticking with our own routines.I log into my online game, Eve Online, and chat with my friends there. Molly goes back to her â€Å"before bed† cartoons, Ellie disappears back into her room to do whatever teenagers do in their rooms, and Sarah logs onto her computer to chat with friends on Facebook and read the English newspapers online. I play Eve Online until 2200, the appointed time for my group to play, chatting about work, news, and such while engaging in space combat. At this point it’s time for me to pack my bag again for the next day, preparing to start all over. At 2245, it’s into bed and lights out. Day done!As I typed my Journal, I realized that the majority of my day is consumed by playing the role of Soldier. The structure of the US Military is such that almost every facet of your daily life, from the time you wake up, to the clothes you where, to the way you address people, is determined prior to the situation. Out of a 17 hour day, more than 12 hours of it is consumed by the â€Å"Soldier† role. Because I have been in the US Military for 15 years, I am fully indoctrinated and invested in this system, whether I realize it or not. I also realized that there is a specific moment when I transition from the Soldier role.Specifically, this is the moment I walk through the door and am â€Å"attacked† by my youngest daughter. If not for her, I might get â€Å"stuck† in the Soldier role, unable to do anything else. The importance of keeping this â€Å"Soldier† role at the forefront every day is simple: it provides the livelihood for me and my family. Without the US Military, and my participation in it, I would be forced to find alternate means to care for my family. I posses skills to do so now, but only because the US Military taught them to me. I was socialized in adulthood in the US Military. A day in my life is likely similar to most.The discerning factor is probab ly the US Military ties, though many of my classmates are also members of a military subculture. The subculture of the US Military dominates my daily life by design. The US Military requires individuals to be prepared to do extraordinary things and so requires a higher level of commitment (and indoctrination) than a job at McDonald’s might. The role of Soldier is a vast part of â€Å"who I am†, but I am also â€Å"Father† and â€Å"Husband†, as well as â€Å"friend†, â€Å"coworker†, â€Å"peer†, and â€Å"superior† to many, many people. I wouldn’t change a thing†¦. well, maybe the 0445 alarm clock. Journal All times in 24 hour clock. 8 February 2013 0445Alarm Sounds 0530Get out of Bed without waking wife any more than alarm has already. 0530-0545Dress in US Army Improved Physical Fitness Uniform (IPFU) 0545Grab bag, packed night before, and head to bus-stop.Temperature well below freezing with snow on the ground. N od to others at bus-stop, no one really speaks, too cold. Several of the people at the bus-stop are higher ranking (which is normal). 0550Bus arrives, late as usual. Sent text message to SFC Cooper (Supervisor and Platoon Sergeant) saying â€Å"On the Bus†. 0550-0620Bus ride to Patch Barracks. Pulled hat down and slept (which is also normal). 615Showed ID Card to Gate Guard, said â€Å"Good Morning† in German since the guard is a German national. 0620Depart bus at second stop and walk to gym for first formation. 0625Drop bag in locker room, head to formation. Make sure supervisor/Platoon Sergeant see that I am present. Get brief for day from Detachment Sergeant (Upcoming events, etc. ). Fall out of formation because I am not doing Physical Training, reminded Platoon Sergeant/Detachment Sergeant that I had EO Course this week. 0635Back into Locker room to change into Army Combat Uniform (ACU’s).0635-0715Shower, Shave, change, etc. 0715Depart Gym to Kantine for br eakfast. 735Arrive Kantine, order eggs, sausage, Brotchen, coffee in German because the cook is a German national that has been working there for a significant period of time. 0740Pay for Breakfast in Euro instead of US Dollars 0750Drop tray and head to Equal Opportunity Leader (EOL) Course across the parking lot. 0800Met SFC Trussell, the instructor and also the Stuttgart Garrison Equal Opportunity Advisor (EOA). 0830During first block of training must complete the â€Å"Badge† exercise. Required to use 5 words and a picture to describe characteristics, demographic data, and group affiliation (annotated below).Stood up in front of class of 24 other Non-Commissioned Officers (NCO’s) and explained my â€Å"Badge†. I know several of them, some from my Unit and some from other units in the area. Schedule for the class is tight, trying to finish 6 days of training in 5. Keep most of my comments to myself so as not to drag out the class with empty discussion. 0900-11 30Some interaction with classmates, though not much. It’s day one of the course and we are just getting to know one another, as well as keep up with the fast pace of the rather dry subject matter.Couple of â€Å"smoke breaks† thrown in, but not on any schedule (I’m a pack a day habit). 1048Sent â€Å"I Love You† text to wife. Got same in response. 1130Break for lunch. Walk to food-court. Lunch at Burger King. Remark to clerk about high prices and how they are similar to US Prices. Had a chicken sandwich, fries, and sweet tea. 1245Head back to class. 1300-1700Instruction resumes, not much deviation from the morning block. 1630Got a text from the wife, car has been left at work for me to take home so I don’t have to ride the bus. Reply with â€Å"Thanks Babe† 1700Class ends, pack up and leave classroom.Speak with SFC Williams (from my unit) briefly about the class and whether or not to go back to office before heading home. 1715Enter office to check email and find SFC Cooper still there (Workday ends at 1700). She asks me about class and I explain that it’s fast paced but dry. I have been in the Army 15 years, I know all of the course material from previous training. Checked email and responded to several requests for information from my counterpart (SFC Stewart) at the level above me (BDE). 1740Log-off computer and go to car. 1745-1820Traffic and drive home.825Enter home, Molly (4) runs to me yelling â€Å"Daddy, Daddy! †. Pick her up and give her a big hug and kiss. She immediately begins telling me about her day, though most of her responses are â€Å"I don’t remember† to questions I ask. 1830Put Molly down and kiss wife, ask her how her day was. Response is â€Å"not bad†. She asks how my day was and I respond with â€Å"long and boring. Class is dry. † 1830-1845Change into regular clothes. 1845Check personal email, nothing important, mostly spam. 1850Sit down to dinner, eati ng English Shepard’s Pie. Molly complains and Ellie (13) comes out of her room long enough to eat.Try to start conversation and basically get one word answers. Typical Teenager responses. 1920Dinner finished, clear table and rinse dishes. Back onto computer to play. 1930Log in to Eve Online (MMORPG) and greet my â€Å"friends†. 4 people who live in the same town are my â€Å"corps mates†. 1930-2200Rambling conversation about work and Eve, all during co-op play using very expensive (in-game) items to earn massive amounts of in-game currency. 2200â€Å"eve time† ends, log off. 2215-2240Pack bag for tomorrow, say good night to wife (who stays up later than me). 2245Lights out and to sleep.

Biological Characteristics of Organizational Behavior

BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS There are various characteristics that predict an individual behavior in an organization; biological characteristics can be such influence that dominates to both male and female individuals. It is often said that these characteristics are the main contributor in regards to how an individual may function or perform in the working environment. However, biological characteristics are obtained for the purpose of giving managers demographic information about employees in an organization. They are also obtained to difference substantial workers from others. The following are types of biological characteristics that may predict the behavior of individual in an organization: * Age According to the â€Å"Stephen†¦show more content†¦People with job tenure are more productive, absent less frequently, have lower turnover, and are more satisfied at their work. These individual are more committed to work long hours and will put in the extra time to get the job done. They are normally more focused about organizational goals and often in authoritative position in order to achieve the task put forward by the organization. A person with tenure position brings more experiences and performance to the organization and normally shows more satisfaction toward work. In other words, their attitudes toward work are more positive than other workers and their work ethics aims at producing great result. * Religion This biological characteristic are deem as minor issue in the organization. Religion can be defined as a biblical belief or worship by individuals. It is said that Islam religion is especially problematic to the work place in this post 9/11 world. However, one may find that other religions are problem in the organization because of their religious beliefs. Instead of doing the work that was delegate to them they find time on the job to prayer or do other activities. 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